Section 4 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Section 4 in The Indian Evidence Act, 1872

“May presume”.—Whenever it is provided by this Act that the Court may presume a fact, it may either regard such fact as proved, unless and until it is disproved, or may call for proof of it. “Shall presume”.—Whenever it is directed by this Act that the Court shall presume a fact, it shall regard such fact as proved, unless and until it is disproved. “Conclusive proof”.—When one fact is declared by this Act to be conclusive proof of another, the Court shall, on proof of the one fact, regard the other as proved, and shall not allow evidence to be given for the purpose of disproving it.

India's Important Case Laws and Landmark Judgments on Evidence Act i.e. Section 4 Indian Evidence Act, 1872:

• Radhy Shyam(D)Thr. Lrs & Ors vs State Of U.P.& Ors on 15 April, 2011 Supreme Court of India 
• A. S. Krishna vs State Of, Madras on 28 November, 1956 Supreme Court of India 
• State Of Andhra Pradesh vs V. Vasudeva Rao on 13 November, 2003 Supreme Court of India 
• T. Shankar Prasad vs State Of Andhra Pradesh on 12 January, 2004 Supreme Court of India 
• State Of Andhra Pradesh vs C. Uma Maheswara Rao & Anr on 31 March, 2004 Supreme Court of India 
• Anand Singh & Anr vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 28 July, 2010 Supreme Court of India 
• Kartar Singh vs State Of Punjab on 11 March, 1994 Supreme Court of India 
• Narayan Govind Gavate Etc vs State Of Maharashtra on 11 October, 1976 Supreme Court of India 
• New India Assurance Company Ltd vs Nusli Neville Wadia And Another on 13 December, 2007 Supreme Court of India 
• S.P. Gupta vs Union Of India & Anr on 30 December, 1981 Supreme Court of India 
• The State Of Maharashtra vs Punja Trambak Lahamage on 27 March, 2008 Bombay High Court  
• Dr. Jagdish Singh Sarkaria vs State Of Haryana And Others on 12 November, 2009 Punjab-Haryana High Court 
• Association Of Commerce House vs Vishandas Samaldas And Ors. on 8 December, 1980 Bombay High Court  
• Marri Narasayya And Ors. vs Peruri Krishnamurthi on 6 August, 1928 Madras High Court 
• Namdeo Asruba Mali vs State Of Maharashtra And Ors. on 1 October, 1984 Bombay High Court 
• State vs Harbans Lal on 27 September, 1968 Delhi High Court 
• Mallappa Basvantrao Desai vs Tukko Narasinha Mutalik And Ors. on 14 August, 1936 Bombay High Court 
• State Of Andhra Pradesh vs V. Vasudeva Rao on 13 November, 2003 Supreme Court of India